Evaluation Of Reading Skills English Language Essay

Evaluation Of Reading Skills English Language Essay In Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (2nd edition, 2005) definition of a language is stated as a system of communication consisting of sounds, words and grammar, or the system of communication used by the people of a particular country or profession. And that means, learning a language to communicate properly in that language requires mastering all parts of a language system such as the vocabulary, the grammar and the sound system. According to Dawani (2006) in order to communicate in a language one should study a balance of four basic language skills which are reading, listening, writing, and speaking. Thats why teaching and evaluation of these skills has a particular importance in language education. In this paper, the evaluation of one of four basic language skills, namely Reading Skill will be discussed in detail. However it is essential to lay some basic facts about reading before starting to discuss its evaluation. According to Alyousef (2005), as a definition, reading is can be perceived as an interactive process, leading to automaticity or fluency, between a text and a reader. Agreeing that, Rasinski (2004) states, accurate and automatic decoding of the words by giving its expressive interpretations to achieve maximum comprehension means reading fluency. Accordingly, Rasinski (2004) again states that reading does not merely mean accurate decoding of the words like teachers thought for years. And thats why the assessment of reading should involve the ability of fluency and comprehension, for sure. Reading in a different language has traditionally stemmed from the need of accessing the written literature of a high culture and as a material these literature pieces are used to work on as Byrnes (1998) suggests. As the aim of this kind of reading does not involve a real communication, the reading fluency is ignored. Later with the appearance of communicative approach, instead of high culture literature, reading texts started to be chosen according to the current reading aims, like using everyday materials such as newspaper articles, bus schedules, etc., for purposes to develop communicative competence. As a result, over time teaching of reading and reading drills at any levels became a fundamental part of language teaching. According to Stages of Reading Development of Challs (1983) reading is a continuous process which develops through some certain stages. Agreeing that, Beers (2006) adds that in case of a skip in a reading development stage, students will struggle in their reading ability and eventually this will also affect their writing skills. Thats why teachers should be exclusively attentive to students comprehension of each stage of reading process before continuing with the next level. According to Carnine Silbert (2004), Assessments provide the information that will enable educators to provide children with instruction that starts where they are and then build on that base to help children advance to the higher levels.(p. 13-15). As it is apparent from all these researchers statements, the evaluation of reading is a crucial part of teaching a language. Although most of the researches of that field unite in the importance of evaluation, they differ in the opinions for the evaluation mediums. N o matter how much a particular evaluation type is praised by educators, in reality all of them has some advantages and disadvantages and use of these evaluation types is only a matter of preference. Hughes (2007) states that all assessments are basically designed to develop the learning of students. Accordingly, evaluation is the process of gathering, utilizing a variety of sources and supplying students with descriptive feedback for future development. And these assessment processes are listed as following in various sources; Informal Reading Inventories (IRIs) In that evaluation type, the teacher decides a reading skill level by calculating the ratio of correctly read words in a passage as it is stated in NICHHD (2000). In IRIs, there are three main reading skill levels. According to Rasinski (2004) levels of performance for word decoding accuracy in reading can be listed as the following list; Independent Level: 97-100% Without Assistance Instructional Level: 90-96% With Assistance Frustration Level: The reason of these scale is explained in Mohler (2004) with a comparison of comprehension levels with these word accuracy levels; in independent level 90% or more comprehension, in instructional level 60% or more comprehension, and in Frustration level 50% or more comprehension occurs. According to McEwan (2002) this measure of oral reading fluency is the most sensitive to the small changes in reading ability, simplest and quickest classroom assessment type that is known. Adams (1990) states that letter recognition speed and accuracy are essential for reading proficiency and growth as letter recognition sub-skill improves word recognition skill. On the other hand, according to Rasinski (2004) in spite of the fact that IRIs value accuracy while determining the overall performance level of readers, they demand reader to read several word lists and passages orally and to be examined on their comprehension of each passage which eventually leads to one to two hours of endeavor for a complete IRI. In contrast to what Adams (1990) says, Rasinski (2004) finds it very time-consuming, particularly in case an application of the inventory to a struggling reader. Miscue Analysis Gunther (2007) defines miscue as any unpredictable calling of a word or section of text. The inventor of this analysis type, Ken Goodman specifically avoids using the term error instead of miscalling because of its negative implications. Goodman (1969) declares that a departure from the text does not necessarily exhibit a negative side of the reading process but it rather opens a window on the reading process which can assist both teachers and students. Using this method, a teacher can be more easily aware of the students comprehension by looking at the kind of mistakes he/she makes. According to Gunther (2007) miscue analysis particularly focuses on the readers cueing system similar to the ones used to describe the results of running records. These cueing systems are listed as the followings; the graphophonic system (visual cues in running records), the syntactic system (syntax or structure cues in running records), and the semantic system (meaning cues in running records). In these cueing systems, there are six types of miscues as stated here; 1st Correction: A child self-corrects his/her error and re-reads the section/word without prompting, 2nd Insertion: A child adds a few words which are not on the page, 3rd Omission: A child omits a word while reading a text, 4th Repetition: A child repeats a word or some part of the text, 5th Reversal: A child will reverse the order of the text or the word, 6th Substitution: A child places a different word, instead of reading a particular word. According to Wilde (2000) instead of focusing more on the number of miscues as in running records, miscue analysis is more concerned with type of miscues because being a good reader does not necessarily require a word-by-word comprehension of the text. Due to the fact that skipping, substituting, miscalling words does not necessarily make someone a bad reader, miscue analysis respects the reasons of miscues and develops the reading success of the given student according to the information gained by the analysis. However according to Kuroneko (2008) a technical knowledge of linguistic concepts and long succeeding analysis is required to conduct Goodmans miscue analysis thats why it is a complicated process to learn. Running Records Running Records is defined by Clay (1985) as a teacher adjustment to run a miscue analysis in the busy atmosphere of the classroom. According to Hughes (2007) diagnostic, formative and summative assessments can be conducted via running records. However using solely running records does not give enough evidence for evaluation purposes. According to Glover (2008) this type of assessment is useful for deciding the level of text used by the teacher and student and gaining the insights of the strategy types a child utilizes while reading. There are two separate parts of this assessment: the running record and a comprehension check. In running record part, the teacher basically uses some marking conventions and symbols to record the readers reading manner including accuracies, errors, assistance from the teacher and self-corrections while he/she continuous to read from the book and in comprehension check part the teacher utilizes retelling method by asking some comprehension questions as i t is stated in A Guide to Effective Instruction in Reading, Kindergarten to Grade 3 (2003, p.12, 27). While the teacher is evaluating the errors, he/she investigates them from three aspects as it is expressed by Gunther (2007); 1st Meaning: whether the meaning of the text has an influence on the childs reading, 2nd Syntax: whether the child reads in a grammatically and linguistically reasonable way, 3rd Visual: whether the child is mistaken for another word because of the words appearance/letters. According to what is mentioned by Gunther (2007), a teacher can decide a learning point utilizing students errors as an instantaneous chance for further learning because running records reveals the students cuing system and self correction patterns. Correspondingly, Johnston (1997) also states that comprehending the reasons behind errors, a teacher can put his/her knowledge of instruction to use to guide the student to learn. In A Guide to Effective Instruction in Reading, Kindergarten to Grade 3 (2003) the advantages of using running records are stated as followings; being an efficient and effective medium to record independent reading behaviors and providing a chance for teachers to observe students use of cues and strategies during an oral reading. Despite the time it takes to evaluate all students individually, running records when conducted on a regular basis creates a rich source of assessment information on the continuous development of an individual. De Leon (2009), on the other hand, lists some of the disadvantages this evaluation type posses as followings; requirement of fluent use of language, dependence on the ability to observe details and write quickly, making the student feel watched, become uncomfortable thus destruction of the nature of the recording, causing the teacher to be unavailable to control the classroom because of being focused on the recording, giving information about only one student at one time and can be tiring for the recorder because of its intensity. As it is apparent from the article, there are various evaluation types for the assessment of reading skill. While this is the case, the important question to ask can be the aim of the researcher/teacher when conducting one of the reading assessment methods. Although all of them stem from the need for improving the teaching quality of reading ability, they all differ from each other with the ways they try to achieve this. Some of them are depending on the number of the miscalled words while another one is paying attention to the type of miscalling. All of them have some week points compared to others as it can be seen by the objections of various researchers. Although, personally, I found, among all assessment types, running records very useful to learn the insights of the reading ability of a student, I also agree with the researchers who are opposed to this evaluation method because of its excessive needs. Just because of the time and attention demanded by this assessment, the appli cation of it to the real circumstances becomes nearly impossible. As a conclusion, it can be clearly said that all the evaluation methods have their advantages and disadvantages coming with them. As long as they are conducted with a special care, all methods can assist students to improve their reading skills.

British Citizenship Under Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism simplifies trade between nations. It involves uncontrolled exchange and movement of goods, services, resources and activities with the aim of acquiring profit leverage with efficiency through cheap resources (Shah, 2007). Neoliberalism espouses the removal of the free trade barriers. These barriers include tariffs, regulations, laws and legislation, and investment restrictions. Neoliberalism is the intensification and expansion of the market through the increase in quantity, frequency, recurrence and formalization of transactions (Treanor). The goal of Neoliberalism is to enhance market competition in every transaction process.These transactions tend to be more competitive if they occur repeatedly for short periods of time. This way the dynamism of the cycle of cost and profit remains active. The basic principles of Neoliberalism include the freedom of trade in goods and services, limitless circulation of capital and, investment capacity and opportunities. The concept o f Neoliberalism involves several vital points mainly in reference to the economy. The five points include the rule of the market, reducing public expenditure for social services, privatization, deregulation, and the concept of individual responsibility against public good (Martinez & Garcia, 2000).The rule of the market means limitless freedom of the flow and exchange of goods, services and capital. It sustains that the market regulates and balances itself through the dynamics of market demand. The government has a hands-free policy when it comes to the dealings of the private enterprises like the freedom to determine prices of commodities. International trade and investment are likewise encouraged. The next point is the reduction of public expenditure for social services. Social Services comprise health, education and infrastructure development among others.Privatization is a main aspect of Neoliberalism in that it espouses the transfer of the previously state-owned enterprises or businesses like banks, schools and hospitals to private investors. There are two opposing views on privatization. On one hand, it increases efficiency of the enterprise under the ownership of a specialized private group. On the other hand, privatization results to a concentration of wealth and power to a few groups. Deregulation is another aspect of Neoliberalism. It refers to a reduction in the regulating power of the government. Instead, the market is allowed to regulate itself with the aim of maximizing profits.The last point is the concept of individual responsibility versus public good. Each individual is responsible for his or her conditions in life. The decrease in government support to the community for education, health care and social security should be compensated by the individuals themselves. What are the justifications of Neoliberalism? Is it an underlying theory for most of the economic successes of a nation? Neoliberalism promotes the idea of a free market without go vernment interventions in order for resources to be more efficiently distributed to groups in society who can better handle businesses.It likewise supports the idea that privatization of enterprises takes away the inefficiency or incompetency of the public sector in running businesses. Neoliberalism believes that the best way to achieve progress is through continued economic growth and the inevitable road to success is economic globalization. Economic globalization pertains to trade and financial movement as the factors which increase the integration of world economies (IMF Staff, 2000). It is also referred to as the transfer and exchange of knowledge and labor beyond the national boundaries and into the international field.The term Globalization is most often interchangeably used with Neoliberalism because of the similar principles that both concept advocates. Both support free trade as the ultimate means to achieve economic growth. Globalization leans more towards the weakening of national borders and the increase in the assimilation of global policies and trends in the national level. The aspects of Globalization include trade, movement of capital, movement of people and information dissemination and exchange through technology.Information exchange has been significantly globalized due to the proliferation of the internet. The global financial market run on a very fast pace due to the internet where transaction can be done with just one click. Movement of capital involves foreign investment and movement of people refers to employment opportunities outside the home country. These employment opportunities give way to an increasing trend of migration from developing countries to countries with more advanced economies.On the other hand, Neoliberalism is more focused on the nationwide aspect of trade with major effects from the international trade community. Other policies supported by Neoliberalism include the maintenance of competitive exchange rates where mar ket-determined exchange rates are followed instead of government-fixed exchange rates (Neoliberalism). Another policy is fiscal rectitude where expenditures are reduced and taxes are increased to sustain a budget surplus. II. The Neoliberal Revolution in Great BritainPrior to the Neoliberal Revolution, the dominant principle in both Western and most parts of the Third World economies is the Keynesian concept (Ambrose). John Meynard Keynes was an advocate of the idea that government interventions are needed to lead markets in endeavors which would benefit the most number of people. This idea was put to a halt when Neoliberalism began to take shape. In 1975, Margaret Thatcher became opposition Conservative Party head and was elected as Prime Minister in 1979 (Scott, 1997).She was determined to alleviate the condition of the British people from recession to economic greatness. The Neoliberal Revolution started in 1980 with Margaret Thatcher as the main proponent. The proposal of the re volution included decrease in corporate taxes, corporate regulation reduction, public services privatization and abolition of international trade barriers (Moore, 1998). At this time, privatization was a major practice and the primary force of Neoliberalism, as power, assets, rights and responsibilities along with a great deal of autonomy were afforded to private enterprises.Thatcher’s principle of Neoliberalism was supported by her TINA or There Is No Alternative campaign (George, 1999). The significance of Thatcher’s neoliberal policy lies in the idea of competition as an essential part of growth. Nations, regions, companies and individuals compete with each other. This competition makes the market more effective as it maintains only those who survive or those who won against the others. Thus, only the best resources, may it be natural, human, physical or financial, are included in the final market competition.It is the belief of Thatcher that people by nature are un equal so there are no worries about issues of social inequality as a hindrance to economic success. Those who are the strongest, more intelligent and well-educated can contribute best to the welfare of the country and its people. On the other side of the fence, the weak and the poorly educated are only responsible for themselves and have themselves to blame for their status. The Neoliberal Revolution introduced changes in policies which brought about the negative effects to the public sector.The budget for the health sector was reduced which meant less free health services for the people and the privatization of health services was started resulting to the charging of fees and introduction of insurance policies (Navarro, 2006). A very important factor in the Neoliberal Revolution is not only the promotion by the U. K. and U. S. governments, but the support it got from international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Worl d Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO).III. Effects of Neoliberalism on British Citizenship The main goal of citizenship is equality among the people. There are three forms of citizenship: civil, political and social citizenship. Civil Citizenship comprises employment, private property and contract protection, and market access. Political Citizenship involve the right to vote and hold public office, while Social Citizenship means the right to the provision of education, health benefits and other social services (Sparke).The rights of the citizens are mainly dependent on the policies of the government. Neoliberalism had a great impact on the government policies in that citizenship was largely affected to its detriment. It is important to note the social policy of Neoliberalism before we move further into a discourse of its negative effects on citizenship. In Neoliberalism, social policy means the provision of equal opportunities available in the market and equal legal treatme nt to all citizens (Rosch). This is also the measure of social justice.The social policy does not include concern for the social welfare of the people. Its premise lies in individual responsibility where each person is responsible for achieving his or her own social and ethical ideals. This responsibility is not to be shouldered by the government in any way. This social policy is deemed as leaning favorably to those with financial power and is discriminating and pushing those at the lower level of the economic ladder further down. Neoliberalism threw its strongest punch on the social form of citizenship.Social services were privatized and budget cutbacks were enforced as part of the fiscal rectitude policy where expenditures are reduced to maintain a budget surplus. Education, health services, housing, transportation and other social services were stripped off their importance as part of the government’s responsibility to its citizens. Instead, the people are encouraged to st rive on their own to meet these needs. The social services organizations were handed over to private institutions which now are to be dealt with if the people need the kinds of services they offer.Since these private enterprises are now competing in an open market, the cost of availing their services becomes expensive and incomparable to the previous benefit that the citizens were receiving from the government. The negative impact is most felt by the underprivileged and advantage is savored by the wealthy and powerful. Civil Citizenship was likewise adversely affected by Neoliberalism in terms of the contract and employment terms. The most notable effect is the reduction, if not elimination of the trade unions which are primarily based in public enterprises.Privatization meant abolishing of the existing systems as the policy making is transferred to the owners of the private companies. Protection of the employee was abandoned with the increasing short term contracts along with short duration of jobs. Employees now are offered shorter tenures which force them to undergo the tedious task of re-applying to companies. With private companies’ anti-union policies, the employees now have nowhere to go. They either sink or swim. Employment opportunities are now available to more competent and well educated individuals.The name of the game became employability or the capacity of the individual to sell his or her services based on the acquired knowledge and skills. This now brings us back to the issue of the advantage of the more financially able citizens. Individuals with access to good education from schools which are now private enterprises and which are now able to charge high fees, has the advantage. The flow of trade money between enterprises, regions and even between nations on a wider scale as espoused by neoliberalism, has a tremendous effect on the electoral system or the political aspect of citizenship.The exercise of electoral right is now deemed futi le as doubts are cast upon the veracity of the election results because of the money generated inside the politics arena. Politics, as a powerful venue of pushing legislative programs or business leverage, is considered to be a channel used by some groups or enterprises in advancing their own personal agenda. Neoliberalism has in great part affected the entire nation including the people and how they function in society. Its effects are criticized left and right by different groups as to its advantages and disadvantages.Critics and proponents both have their valid points. It has to be stressed though that for a concept or idea to be considered truly successful is to analyze if a great majority of the people has benefited from the underlying principles of the concept. The ultimate question now is: Has Neoliberalism created a healthy balance between the rich and the poor or has it been an instrument to push the rich to the topmost part of the economic ladder and to push the poor furth er down the pit? Bibliography Ambrose, S. (n. d. ). The Roots of Corporate Globalization in IMF/World Bank â€Å"StructuralAdjustment† Policies. Public Eye. Org. [online] Available from: http://www. publiceye. org/magazine/v18n2/ambrose_imf. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] George, S. (1999, March 24). A Short History of Neo-liberalism. Global Exchange. [online] Available from: http://www. globalexchange. org/campaigns/econ101/neoliberalism. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] IMF Staff. (2000, April 12). Globalization: Threat or Opportunity? International Monetary Fund. [online] Available from: http://www. imf. org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200. htm#II [Accessed 25 June 2007] Martinez, E. , & Garcia, A. (2000, feb 26).What is â€Å"Neo-Liberalism†? A Brief Definition. Global Exchange. [online] Available from: http://www. globalexchange. org/campaigns/econ101/neoliberalDefined. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Moore, R. (1998, May). Absolute PowerThe Making of a new World Order. Thi rd World Traveler. [online] Available from: http://www. thirdworldtraveler. com/New_Global_Economy/Absolute_Power. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Navarro, V. (2006, Oct 23). What is happening at the World Health Organization? The coming election of the WHO Director-General. People's Health Movement. [online] Available from: http://www.phmovement. org/en/node/279 [Accessed 25 June 2007] Neoliberalism. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. [online] Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Neoliberalism [Accessed 25 June 2007] Rosch, M. (n. d. ). What does neoliberalism mean? Internetseminar. [online] Available from: http://tiss. zdv. uni-tuebingen. de/webroot/sp/barrios/themeA2a. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Scott, D. (1997). The Path from Old Labour to Tory Neoliberalism to New Labour. People's News Agency. [online] Available from: http://www. prout. org/pna/uk-capitalism. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Shah, A. (2007, March 5).A Primer on Neoliberalism. Global Issues. [online] Available from: http ://www. globalissues. org/TradeRelated/FreeTrade/Neoliberalism. asp [Accessed 25 June 2007] Sparke, M. (n. d. ). Center for Communication and Civic Engagement. University of Washington. [online] Available from: http://depts. washington. edu/ccce/assets/documents/pdf/Passportsintocreditcards. pdf [Accessed 25 June 2007] Treanor, P. (n. d. ). Neoliberalism: origins, theory, definition. InterNLnet. [online] Available from: http://web. inter. nl. net/users/Paul. Treanor/neoliberalism. html [Accessed 25 June 2007]

Columbus Day and Christopher Columbus Essay - 611 Words

â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue†, starts the beginning of one of history’s biggest fabrications. We teach our children to be honest and truthful, but then lie to them for the first six to eight years of their educational lives about their own history. For in fact, Columbus did not discover America and did not unveil the myth regarding the world being flat. At the moment, I have yet to discover if Christopher Columbus ever discovered anything at all. Knowing the meaning of discovery, the land that Columbus reached from his voyage and the unorthodox events that occurred after Columbus’ adventure; I do not celebrate Columbus Day. I enjoy the day off from work, as do most Americans that observe the day; but†¦show more content†¦The enslavement of Native Americans and Africans were also products of this great discovery which consequently led to millions being immolated. Celebrating such an affair mocks the deaths of those who died from the greed of English settlers and the kings and queens who sponsored them. Must we turn a blind eye to the harsh reality that our ancestors were wrong? Even though much was conquered from this monstrosity, it makes it no more right now than then, and is no cause for celebration. Finally, the most apparent and vital reason as to why Columbus Day should not be an American national holiday is very simple. His voyage did not bring him to the lands of America. Columbus landed in the Caribbean. This is a fact and is acknowledged by historians and analysis from around the world. Columbus did not land in America; therefore, Americans have no allegiance to commemorate him for our founding. Whether his expedition led to the colonization of America is to be argued, but there is no doubt that he, himself, did not set foot on American soil. I’ve read many books and articles trying to find where he even visited America in his time. 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Can Witnessing or Experiencing Domestic Violence Be Linked...

Being in a domestic violence ordeal of my own and have been bullied almost all of my life, I have come to ask myself why anyone can abuse someone that they say they love or how bullies can hurt people like they do. Whether physically, emotionally, or mentally this happens all the time now-a-days in our society. Numerous news reports about couples getting into fights or even killing a significant other or spouse and how children have committed suicide because they can’t take the hurt of a bully any longer. It is so sad to think about and I cannot put into words how my heart weeps for those people! It’s sickening for me to even think about. But to understand the people behind these instances we have to look at what each of these things are.†¦show more content†¦For girls being a victim of a violent crime was an over 10-fold risk factor for being a bully-victim.† Also, â€Å"Girls were more likely to be bullies than boys,† after witnessing a violent c rime such as domestic violence. To wrap the results up, â€Å"Being a victim of a violent crime outside home and physical abuse by parents at home, girls were significantly more often bully-victims than boys.† (Mustanja, Luukkonen, Hakko, Rasanen, Saavala, Riala 495) As you can most likely see, due to the studies given outcome, domestic violence can clearly be linked to being a bully, being victimized by one, or being both a bully and being bullied. Nonetheless, are there any more causes that can be linked to bullying that can be included to domestic violence? How does one not learn to not be abusive in the future when he or she gets to understand the moral understanding of making right and wrong decisions? There are a lot of reason why children, adolescents, and even adults become abusers. Not just domestic violence, although that is a very good indication of why these human beings are the way they are. Could you imagine growing up in an environment like that? Witnessing and the exposure to having your parents, siblings, or any other family member being cussed at, smacked around, or broken emotionally down at such a young ageShow MoreRelatedAnimal Abuse And Human Abuse3124 Words   |  13 Pagesit does not seem to be taken as seriously as human abuse. Domestic violence, school shootings, murders and other forms of violence are also topics that seem to come up far too often in everyday life. These criminals that have committed heinous crimes against humans all got their start somewhere, and for many of them animals were where their abuses started. This paper will discuss what animal abuse is, how animal abuse and violence are linked, how people evolve into the criminals they are today throughRead MoreVictimization And Childhood Trauma And Neglect Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pagesdifficulties in their childhood and adolescent development (McCuish, Cale Corrado, 2015). The abuse they experience can be from their caregivers, sexual victimization by acquai ntances and strangers, assaults by peers and can be exposed to violence in their neighborhoods (Finkelhor, Ormrod, Turner and Holt, 2009). Victimization comes in many different forms such as assault, child physical/sexual abuse, stalking, theft, rape, sexual harassment, and domestic/relationship violence. There are several negativeRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Its Effects On Youth Development1988 Words   |  8 Pagesand adolescents who engage in delinquent or violent behavior increases. Too often society thinks the solution is to incarcerate them when instead many juvenile offenders are great candidates for rehabilitation. Unfortunately, a vast majority of these youth are engaging in risky and dangerous behaviors due to being victims of direct or indirect victimization than can include sexual, physical or emotional victimization and will resort to these behaviors as an outlet. Youth’s exposure to violence (ETV)Read MoreThe Ethical Considerations Of Quantitative And Qualitative Research Methods3706 Words   |  15 Pageswelling setting as a result it helps professionals to look into the child’s heal th and what is best suit the child’s needs. By doing research they are able to determine ways in which the child can be safe in certain environments where their development cannot be affected such as their home, lack of space can affect a child’s social interaction, low education achievement and cognitive development, behaviour and socio-emotional problems and poor respiratory health. Researchers have shown that childrenRead MoreIn-Depth Study of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2493 Words   |  10 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder from the physiological perscective. PTSD is a response mechanism of the mind to an actual or perceived traumatic event. Research has shown that cognitive factors, anxeity, and injuries for example due to car crashes are linked to and often responsible for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. However, research has shown that traumatic events such as war or any type of abuse are probably one of the major causes of PTSD. This article reveals the history of PTSD taking into accountRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesthe stomach lining may occur. * Alcoholics frequently experience memory loss. The rate of reaction time is slowed down as the brain and nerve impulse transmission is affected. * Kidney increases excretion of water. * Speech becomes slurred. HOW CAN YOU TELL IF SOMEONE IS AN ALCOHOLIC? You may be able to tell if someone is an alcoholic by observing violent behaviour, criminal activities performed by individuals, car accidents, depression, illness, unhappy family life, poor work habits and absenteeismRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory matters. I felt in good hands here, confident that I was being offered a deeply informed, reliable and intelligently constructed account. The opening chapter carefully and helpfully explains terms, including ‘theory’ and ‘epistemology’ that can form an unexplored bedrock to texts in the field. It then offers thoughtful, scholarly and well-illustrated discussions of prominent theoretical perspective, including managerialism and postmodernity, supported by specified learning outcomes and guides

The Black Plague Of Europe - 915 Words

I watched the documentary â€Å"The Black Plague of Europe† -produced by the History Channel (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =V9H9IDqJgE ). The documentary covered the whole range of black plague from begin to end of where it spread. This documentary told how the people felt and actual sources of their reactions to the black plague. I was able to learn a lot from the documentary versus the film. The film I watched was called â€Å"Black Death† (Black death [Motion picture]. (2011). One movie; 01 Distribution). It provided an unrealistic thrill of things that didn’t occur. Overall, this assignment shown the significance of documentaries in a world that is likely to change history for entertainment purposes. From the documentary I’ve learned, Black Plague arrived in Europe 1347, and it was carried by fleas. Many people believe the plague was a punishment from God. The Jews were persecuted by the Christians that were led by the flagellants. The flagellants tried to perform Christ like miracles and imitate the suffering of Jesus. During this time the Pope knew of these things but didn’t want to act because it would cause trouble. However, the pope eventually sent the authority in because thing shad went too far. The King of England removed himself from the disease agents so he survived but his daughter died. In the mist of the horror, the pope’s sergeant who had been affected by the plague survived. From his recording of the disease, scientist are able to gain a better understandingShow MoreRelatedThe Deadly Black Death Plague Of Europe1054 Words   |  5 Pages Background Information  The deadly Black Death plague of Europe arrived in 1346 A.D. , during the middle ages from the Middle East as commonly thought and was also known by other names such as â€Å"the pestilence .â€Å" The infectious deadly bacteria moved rapidly within Europe accounting for approximately 50% of mortality while disseminating northward along major trade routes of ships, lasting until the early 1350’s (Ross, 2015). The plague presented before traditional existence when livingRead MoreThe Black Plague s Entrance Into Western Europe1177 Words   |  5 PagesInfected ships entered the Genoise ports in 1347, thus starting the Black Plague’s entrance into Western Europe. One hundred and twenty-seven years later, Vincent de Kastav completed his fresco Dance of Death in Beram, Croatia. The Dance of Death represents the Black Plague, but from a new generation’s viewpoint. It is estimated that England’s pre-plague population was 4.2 million, of which 1.4 mil lion people died. In cities such as Florence, half or two-thirds of the population died. When thereRead MoreThe Black Death : The Bubonic Plague Of The Thirteen Thousands Swept Through Europe Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Hurst Dr. Reedy College English 13 October 2016 The Black Death The bubonic plague of the thirteen hundreds swept through Europe, claiming the lives of one-third of its population in merely three years. This was the most horrific epidemic the world has seen to date. Poor sanitation practices, improper burial of corpses, and insufficient systems for waste removal were important factors in allowing the plague to manifest (Byrne 31). Infected fleas and rats, brought by trade ships and theRead MoreThe Black Plague Of Middle Ages1257 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Aged Europe was an expansive period of time and marked the beginning of the Renaissance. A period of time in which reformation of important social aspects such as religion, education, and the arts was active and advancing at a rapid rate. Significance of intellectual inquiry and the belief in the human mind helped shape many new philosophical ideas and theories that would be spoken about for hundreds of years. This increasingly advanced period of time was quickly halted around the middle ofR ead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfalling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plague brutally killing one fourth of Europe in the 14th century and devastating ChinaRead MoreEssay on How the Black Plague Effected Society741 Words   |  3 Pages The plague is a dangerous and deadly disease. The plague is one of the oldest diseases known to the human race. Back when Europe was still in the middle ages all the people including serfs, royalty, jews, and church members were devastated by disease that was unknown to them. The disease spread rapidly through Europe through a variety of means. The p lague possesses many names like the black death or the black plague. No matter what the people referred to it as it greatly affected the society inRead MoreBlack Plague And The Plague1367 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens of Europe. By the 14th century, the plague had wiped out sixty percent of Europe’s population. Because of its devastating fatality rate, The Black Plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in history. The disease was made famous by the outbreak in Europe, however it did not originate there. The origination of the Plague, History of the Plague, Strains and Symptoms, as well as effects of the Plague are essential ideas, important to understand the Black Plague. The Black Plague is saidRead MoreThe Black Death And The Plague Outbreak1331 Words   |  6 Pagesoutbreaks in history was the plague outbreak which peaked in 1346 to 1353, in Europe, commonly known as the Black Death. This plague outbreak was extremely deadly and killed 30-60% of the European population at the time of the outbreak. The outbreak is commonly believed to have been caused by the bubonic plague, but modern evidence suggests that the Black Death was caused by pneumonic plague, a much more contagious and deadly infection. The Black Death was the second major plague outbreak in history, theRead MoreThe Plague : The Great Plague1064 Words   |  5 PagesContaining a Pandemic: The Great Plague Although plague continues to emerge around the world, there was an outbreak so large in the medieval era that it threatened to wipe out entire continents. The vast devastation that began in Asia and spread to Europe is likely the most deadly pandemic in human history. There were many reasons for the lack of containment, from ignorance of its origin to the lack of anything to stop its deadly trail. The disease struck and killed with terrifying speed, leadingRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague825 Words   |  4 PagesThe Plague Discussion Questions The Black Death was an epizootic bubonic plague, a disease caused by the bacterium of rodents known as Yersinia pestis. The bubonic plague overwhelming effects of European history. The Black Death was considered one of the most â€Å"devastating pandemics† in human history. Whom Did the Black Death Affect The Black death affected mostly Europe. â€Å"The disastrous mortal disease known as the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-53.† (Paragraph 1) â€Å"By the end

Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education Free Essays

Harmonizing to Schwartz ( 2008 ) , ‘Teaching is a dynamic dealing between head, stuffs, results and ends. Teachers teach ; scholars learn – all within the context of a complex cognitive and socio-cultural environment that is germinating faster than at any other clip in the history of instruction ‘ . Schwartz ( 2008 ) states that one of the grounds for this is the impact of technological progresss on the instruction system. We will write a custom essay sample on Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pupils of today live in a extremely technological universe. They are surrounded by appliances and bombarded by information. They use engineering for diversion, communicating and information. We as pedagogues have a responsibility to encompass engineering and utilize it to profit all stakeholders involved. But how can we guarantee that engineering is non used merely because we think it should but as something that enriches the experience of the scholar. How do we equilibrate the usage of engineering and the demands of the scholar? As Pedagogy Strategy ( 2005 ) states ‘Making engineerings available does non of itself consequence in changed instruction methods or in the degree of larning results. Effective usage of ICT in instruction requires appropriate teaching methods. ‘ We have to guarantee that the usage of engineering has significance and intent. There is a overplus of research on the construct of blended acquisition. Blended acquisition, harmonizing to Rodgers ( 2009 ) , is ‘executing a acquisition scheme that integrates multiple bringing modes ( both synchronal and asynchronous ) and, in making so, making the best possible larning solution for your mark audience ‘ . Blended larning requires the scholar to be at the Centre of the procedure and guaranting that it is the right environment for the right scholar. In concern blended acquisition can be seen as the right combination at the lowest costs, this applied to education would be the right combination at the greatest acquisition result. Dzakiria et.al ( 2006 ) citing Driscoll ‘s work, sees blended acquisition as uniting web-based engineering to bring forth an ‘optimal acquisition result ‘ . In concern you have to cognize your market, in instruction it is important that you know your scholar and a one size fits all doctrine does non work. Dzakir ia et.al. ( 2006 ) argues that we need to see the pupils as the primary educational client, their positions and experiences, and the learning support mechanism for effectual acquisition results. It is indispensable that students own their acquisition, that they lead their acquisition and they are at the Centre of the procedure. Technological progresss has resulted in the usage of blended acquisition schemes in concern, universities and schools. The potency of the usage of blended acquisition for e-assessment is mindblowing. JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that ‘assessment is one of the most important countries of an educational system. It defines what pupils take to be of import, how they spend much of their academic clip and in many ways how they value themselves. ‘ Assessment is important to the scholar every bit long as it has a clear and defined intent. The usage of e-assessment can utilize the cardinal doctrine of blended acquisition and give the learner control over their acquisition and help their acquisition. E-assessment has advantages, JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that it allows instant feedback, allows clip for alteration, staff acquire immediate feedback and this can be linked to other on-line stuffs. Although there are concerns over the usage of E-assessment. E-assessment itself may sa lvage clip but the clip it takes to ab initio put up such an appraisal can non be underestimated. ***** can widen The development of personal acquisition environments ( PLEs ) has opened up the potency of the larning non merely being the Centre of the learning procedure but taking the larning themselves. The possible, particularly for school aged students could be great. Imagine an PLE which gives a record of a child online from the minute they walk into instruction to the clip they leave at 16 or 18. What if that record continues to university? What if that continues invariably as we embark on ‘lifelong larning ‘ ? This will in bend have a enormous consequence on instruction and acquisition. Becta ( 2007 ) suggests that PLE ‘s ‘offers a portal to the universe, through which scholars can research and make harmonizing to their ain involvements and waies, interacting at all times with their friends and community. ‘ Harmelen ( 2006 ) suggests that the development of PLE ‘s is motivated by the demands of the womb-to-tomb scholar and for a system that provides a st andard interface, a response from the fact that the scholar ‘s e-system demands to be under the control of the scholar and the demands of the scholar themselves. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) negotiations of utilizing the MashUp rule which ‘will let scholars to construct their ain acquisition environment ‘ . The potency of PLEs in instruction is radical. Downs ( 2009 ) , states that ‘future larning environment which becomes non an institutional or corporate application, but besides a acquisition centre, where content is reused and remixed harmonizing to the pupil ‘s ain demands and involvements. It becomes, so, non a individual application, but a aggregation of interoperating applications – an environment instead than a system ‘ . Research is being undertaken to look at how PLE ‘s will turn to a scholars larning and the consequence and deductions on instruction. But Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that traditional Learning Management S ystems ( LMS ) are non flexible plenty to supply an effectual PLE system. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that, ‘even current research can non indicate out what a extremely personalised larning environment should look like in item ‘ . Using a PLE to turn to womb-to-tomb acquisition would necessitate looking at the large image non one specific component of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past developments have been centred on specific phases in instruction but now we need to guarantee the scholar ‘s demands are addressed throughout their acquisition journey. Atwell ( 2007 ) provinces, ‘if non continuous, larning is now seen as multi episodic, with persons passing occasional periods of formal instruction and developing throughout their on the job life. ‘ PLE ‘s will hold to turn to both the thoughts of uninterrupted acquisition and the periods of informal acquisition that a scholar brushs. Formal larning itself, harmonizing to Atwell ( 20 07 ) histories for merely 20 per cent of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past educational engineering has paid little or no attending to informal larning a PLE could turn to this issue. PLE ‘s could be used for anyone who wants to organize their ain acquisition. Taraghi et.al. ( 2010 ) specify seven important facets for the displacement from LMS to PLE: The function of the scholar Personalisation Content Social engagement Ownership Educational and organizational civilization Technological facets PLE ‘s could convey together the huge sum of different engineering that a scholar uses under one umbrella. Making it distinguishable and personalised to that scholar, involve the engineerings they like to utilize and turn to their specific acquisition manners. The scholar could make up one’s mind their penchants to how they study, present information etc. The scholar can make up one’s mind on their ain content and analyze the countries they decide to assist with their acquisition. The scholar could in kernel develop a acquisition environment that addresses their specific demands at their current phase in instruction. Milligan quoted in BECTA ( 2007 ) believes PLE ‘s ‘would give the scholar greater control over their learning experience ( pull offing their resources, the work they have produced, the activities they participate in ) and would represent their ain personal acquisition environment, which they could utilize to interact with institutional sys tems to entree content, appraisal, libraries and the similar ‘ . Atwell ( 2007 ) states that PLE ‘s ‘are non an application but instead a new attack to the usage of new engineerings for larning. There remain many issues to be resolved. But, at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, the statement for the usage of Personal Learning environments in non proficient but instead is philosophical, ethic and pedagogic. ‘ This wealth of grounds of larning would ensue in a e-portfolio which could potentially chart a scholar from the minute they enter the instruction system. There could potential be a wealth of touchable grounds which could be used as grounds for makings or as an illustration of what a possible employee may be capable of. Cohn and Hibbitts ( 2004 ) suggest that an e-portfolio ‘stimulates our pupils to prosecute in brooding thought ‘ . What is apparent is the thought that we have to be careful that e-portfolios are closely linked to the thoughts of PLE ‘s. If we are doing personal acquisition environments which are alone to the scholar, we do non desire to so make an e-portfolio which is one size fits all, it besides has to be personalised to the scholar, integrate the scholars larning manners and penchants. Learning and appraisal are intertwined, therefore if we talk about bring forthing a PLE so the thought of an e-portfolio must organize a important component of such an environment. Gulbahar and Tinmaz ( 2006 ) suggests that the thought of an e-portfolio support pupils focused on the acquisition procedure instead than the terminal merchandise. They suggest that ‘By the usage of e-portfolios, pupils have the opportunity to reflect upon their acquisition and instructors have the chance to supply elaborate feedback on pupils ‘ work. ‘ Research undertaken by Gulbarhar and Tinemaz ( 2006 ) suggested that utilizing an e-portfolio was favoured by all the pupils in their survey. They concluded that I gave the pupils a ‘great opportunity for self betterment ‘ and it besides ‘demonstrated a acquisition centres theoretical account for instructor campaigners. ‘ The pupils besides gained more cognition and associated it with existent life context. How to cite Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education, Essay examples

Christological Focus of Christian Identity-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Christological Focus of Christian Identity. Answer: Christological focus is the study of Christian divinity and it is mainly concerned about the ontology of the Jesus. These things are recorded in the Canonical Gospel, which is known as the trinity of Christianity, and in the epistles of New Testament, which was written after the Old Testament[1]. The prime consideration in the ontology of Jesus includes his relationship with the God the father, details of his ministry, his teachings and actions, his role in salvation and his persona as a person[2]. Pauls Corinthian plays an important role in this scenario as his central theme included the presence of Christ and his worship as Lord. The foremost contribution made by the apostolic age is the contribution of Paul. According to this, Jesus is referred as Pre-existed lord[3]. The scripts of Paul identify Jesus with the word Lord almost 230 times and expresses that a true Christian will always confess Jesus as the true lord. Furthermore, the identity of Christian is determined with complete surrender to the God or the pre-existing Lord. This Apostle Pauls Doctrine of union with God is very central to the identity of Christians and upon understanding; it provides proper framework for the pastoral ministry[4]. This essay is going to describe the theological formation of Christian identity with reference to its worship, ministry, community and mission. After that, it will discuss the use of Corinthian correspondence in Christian identity and testimony. Later the essay will discuss the epistemological and hermeneutical issue arising in the interface between Pauls Corinthian writings and Christian identity. To understand the identity of Christianity through the lens of theological understanding has a far-reaching implication for the Christian living. It needs proper and complete determination to God, however, the modern churches are only eager to produce instant Christians[5]. The Pauls Doctrines are the scriptures of Christianity and the entire Christianity depends on these scriptures heavily as according to many, it is first one of the Christian trinity and the teachings of Jesus has been mentioned in the Pauline Christianity. The concepts of salvation and resurrection was understood by the Paul correctly which is reflected in his writings. Modern Christian worships, culture, mission and ministry are completely inspired with the Pauline Christianity and the effects are visible evidently. The theological formation of Christian identity is implied by several factors that prove that Christianity is not something, which can be acquired by birth; it can only be acquired through devotion, compassion and love towards the humankind[6]. Christian identity surpasses all natural bonds. The identity of a Christian is not determined by his cast creed, Jewish or Greek origin, gender or state, but the relation of the individual with the church defines it with incorporation of baptism (Gal 3:28). As Jesus said that if someone is worshiping Jesus alone without his brother, sister, wife, father or mother then he cannot be the descendants of Jesus. In Christian identity, people cannot think always about their family or their rights, they have to think about the humankind first, then their church community, their family and finally for the mselves[7]. Hence, the Christian identity is much bigger than that of the individual identity in Christianity. People still follow these sayings of Jesus and their worship skills define that. The cultural influence of Christian identity is evident through their believe in the love of God. The concept of love of God mentioned in the new testament of the Bible and it states that love of God is the ultimate form of the compassion for humankind. People love their family, friends, relatives and other is a limited form of love. This love is not described as the love for god. Patriotism, Filial piety, ethnic pride is different aspects of the human identity and these factors of human aspects need to be comprehended with the love of god. This describes the Christian culture as mentioned by the Jesus in the Bible[8]. Mission and Ministry are different aspects of Christian identity related to the church. According to the writings of Paul, the mission and ministry are the ways to spread the statements of Jesus throughout the world. the Jesus accepted death to remove all the sorrow, and evil of the humankind and demonstrated that each person living on the earth are his descendants and therefore, to make every ethnic background his disciples, the mission and ministry of Jesus was created. The earthy ministry of the God is continued through the missionaries. God wanted to bring every person on the earth closer to him and therefore he send Jesus Christ to send people to the church, which the ministry of god. This ministry has been mentioned in the Pauline Christianity and states that the God loves the way people worship him with unity and shows love towards one another[9]. Furthermore, Ministry also decided about the environment of church and describes that the environment should be spiritual edificati on and in this environment, the disciples are taught, believers are grounded and taught about the Christian practices (Rom. 12:6, 1 Cor. 12:14-31). The Corinthian correspondence of Pauls study is one of the important parts of the new testament of the bible and deals with several central issues, which is related to the Christian identity and Christian faith. Therefore, these facts can help to understand the theological and practical aspects of Christian identity[10]. Corinth was one of the prosperous and major cities back in ancient world and therefore, Paul decided to stay here for 18 months, when he was on his missionary mission and was spreading the sayings of Jesus in the entire world. However, the visit did not go well and circumstances made that painful. Finally, Paul decided to write a painful letter, instead of visiting the place once again. The letter is called as the painful letter where he describes that the Corinth was a place where no one was following rules or looking after each other. This painful ministry has been mentioned in the Pauline Corinthian as Corinthian correspondence[11]. Paul wrote the problems of the churches and their solution through the statements of the Christian Gospel in the Corinthian 1 and in the second part of it, he mentioned about the nature of Pauls new agreement ministry and the grace of giving. These statements affect the Christian identity drastically. From these learnings, it was understood that the ritual is critical for the formation of Christian identity. The people at Corinth were not sure about what they are and from where they belong. The tradition of worship is very important according to the Corinthian correspondence. This sorrowful writings and letter of Paul provide the people of Corinth with an opportunity to boast against those who boast again in the shallow features of persona[12]. In the scriptures, Paul describes two resources by referring to the death and the glory of the ministry of the God. The importance of this correspondence is its effect on the mindset of the people of Corinth at that time. Due to the Painful letter, people of Corinth starte d taking minimal step towards the formation of newer ministry in their churches and changed the way they used to worship Jesus. This way the correspondence of the Corinthian helped the people of Corinth to turn from the Pagan to the full-fledged believer of the God. Epistemological or philosophical issues related to the writings of Paul have been written in languages, which is difficult to understand. This is of very importance, as the task, which has been done by Paul, was very difficult. Greeks had their own literature, way of living, philosophy, tradition, opinion and the Gods. The places Paul visited during his first Corinthian were Rome, Greece, Corinth, Galatia and the people over here were Pagan and not believer to the philosophy of God[13]. Paul helped them to understand the real view and forced them to change the ministry of churches so that they can come closer to the Jesus. For instance, the Greek people believed in death and believed in reincarnation, however, Paul influences them to think appropriately to death as Gain and life as Jesus. The hermeneutical thought of the Pauls writing or the inner meaning of his scriptures that helped to change the mindset of the Greeks are- Actual wisdom is cross-centered. The wisdom is versed five times in the first three verses. The view of wisdom has to be clear to be wise and practice if for the entire life. This wisdom is not related to the humankind; however, it is the wisdom that has been spread by the God himself. The God spread this wisdom[14]. Love of the God was focused in this scriptures and Paul believed that this eternal love stays despite of all the odds happened against the humankind. Further, the writings of Paul demonstrate the wisdom of God as eternal, beneficial, Supernatural, spirit directed and eternal. Pauls epistemology of Christianity and his conflict with the Jerusalem is not much known, however according to the scriptures, Paul never materialized the facts and messages of God to influence people. The modern day Christian identity, their beliefs, their worship pattern and their socializing rituals are the examples of the part of Pauls writing and scriptures. The concept of Love of God due to wh ich, they worship God in a unity, socialite to spread their love to the humankind and think about others before themselves define their hermeneutical view of life and Jesus. Pauls articulate of kerygmatic epistemology matches with the Gospel and the acts that define the source of Jesus ministry and proclamation to the Holy Spirit. Post resurrection appearances of Jesus and its linkage to the community have been mentioned in the New Testament writings[15]. On the other hand. Christian philosophy got inspired from that of the Greek philosophy and the words Paul used in his scriptures cannot be overlooked. These words helped him to spread the talking of God to convert in the Greek speaking gentile words. These words are difficult to understand in the modern world as the present Christian world has become instant Christian and has detached itself completely from the world of Paul and his wisdom. However, the philosophy is still a way to help the dilemma of humankind and affects them pos itively. This way the epistemological view and hermeneutical view of Pauls Corinthian and the Christian identity is linked[16]. In the conclusion, it can be said that in the dominant interpretation of Antioch incident Pauls Christianity has been mentioned as different from that of the peter and Jewish Christianity. The prime source for this development was the New Testament that acts as the foundation of the Christian writing. The Christological Issues that affected the Christianity were Person of Christ, Nativity and the holy name, resurrection and crucifixion and others. In these scriptures, the relationship of God and his son Jesus has been mentioned with the origin of Christianity and its consequent evolution over the centuries. This study had explored the Christian identity and its evolution in correspondence with the ancient ontological evidence available on Jesus Christ, his worship and the beginning of Christianity. The approach of Paul Corinthian to Christianity had been the most popular school of thoughts as it reflects the essence of Christian identity wonderfully. The Pauline school of thought has described Christianity by a religious belief that is not acquired by blood or fate, according to his ideology of Christianity, a Christian identity is incomplete without true spiritual connection with Lord Jesus and his doctrines. In addition, a true connection with lord himself and his believes can only be acquired through complete surrender and devotion. However, as the centuries passed the meaning identity has contorted drastically and has morphed into an extended orthodox community of instant Christians. An in this path of evolution the true essence of Christianity characterized by love and kindness has been compromised somewhere along the only. The only hope for restoring the rightful path for Christianity can only be facilitated though reviving the core believes of Christianity, love, mercy and kindness, so that it can replace the hatred, greed and animosity that rules the mankind in the current time and age. References Kirk, JR Daniel.Jesus Have I Loved, But Paul?: A Narrative Approach to the Problem of Pauline Christianity. Baker Academic, 2012. Baker, Coleman A. "Social identity theory and biblical interpretation."Biblical Theology Bulletin3 (2012): 129-138. Anderson, Paul N., Felix Just, and Tom Thatcher, eds.John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2: Aspects of Historicity in the Fourth Gospel. Vol. 2. Society of Biblical Literature, 2015. Longenecker, Richard N.Paul, Apostle of Liberty. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2015. Klink III, Edward W., and Darian R. Lockett.Understanding biblical theology: A comparison of theory and practice. Zondervan, 2012. McGrath, Alister E.Christian theology: An introduction. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Doohan, Helen.Paul's Vision of Church. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016. Banks, Robert J., Bernice M. Ledbetter, and David C. Greenhalgh.Reviewing Leadership (Engaging Culture): A Christian Evaluation of Current Approaches. Baker Academic, 2016. Schreiter, Robert J.Reconciliation: mission and ministry in a changing social order. Orbis Books, 2015. Gardner, Paul Douglas.The Gifts of God and the Authentication of a Christian: An Exegetical Study of 1 Corinthians 8-11: 1. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. Doty, William G.Letters in primitive Christianity. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2014. Duff, Paul B.Moses in Corinth: the apologetic context of 2 Corinthians 3. Brill, 2015. Chung, Paul S.Hermeneutical Theology and the Imperative of Public Ethics: Confessing Christ in Post-Colonial World Christianity. Vol. 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013. Petersen, Paul, and Ross Cole, eds.Hermeneutics, Intertextuality and the Contemporary Meaning of Scripture. Vol. 1. ATF Press, 2013. Moser, Paul K. "New Testament Apologetics, Arguments, and the End of Christian Apologetics as We Know It.."Philosophia Christi2 (2015). De Wet, Chris L. 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"Social identity theory and biblical interpretation."Biblical Theology Bulletin42.3 (2012): 129-138. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146107912452244 Anderson, Paul N., Felix Just, and Tom Thatcher, eds.John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2: Aspects of Historicity in the Fourth Gospel. Vol. 2. Society of Biblical Literature, 2015. Klink III, Edward W., and Darian R. Lockett.Understanding biblical theology: A comparison of theory and practice. Zondervan, 2012. McGrath, Alister E.Christian theology: An introduction. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Doohan, Helen.Paul's Vision of Church. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016. Banks, Robert J., Bernice M. Ledbetter, and David C. Greenhalgh.Reviewing Leadership (Engaging Culture): A Christian Evaluation of Current Approaches. Baker Academic, 2016. Schreiter, Robert J.Reconciliation: mission and ministry in a changing social order. Orbis Books, 2015. 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